6.3.3.1 Creating SSL and RSA Certificates and Keys using MySQL
That generates a 2048-bit RSA key pair, encrypts them with a password you provide and writes them to a file. You need to next extract the public key file. You will use this, for instance, on your web server to encrypt content so that it can only be read with the private key. Export the RSA Public Key to a File. This is a command that is. Openssl rsa -in private.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem. The -pubout flag is really important. Be sure to include it. Mar 30, 2015 Type the following command in an open terminal window on your computer to generate your private key using SSL: $ openssl genrsa -out /path/to/wwwservercom.key 2048 This will invoke OpenSSL, instruct it to generate an RSA private key using the DES3 cipher, and send it as an output to a file in the same directory where you ran the command.
MySQL provides these ways to create the SSL certificate and key files and RSA key-pair files required to support encrypted connections using SSL and secure password exchange using RSA over unencrypted connections, if those files are missing:
- The server can autogenerate these files at startup, for MySQL distributions compiled using OpenSSL.
- Users can invoke the mysql_ssl_rsa_setup utility manually.
- For some distribution types, such as RPM packages, mysql_ssl_rsa_setup invocation occurs during data directory initialization. In this case, the MySQL distribution need not have been compiled using OpenSSL as long as the openssl command is available.
Server autogeneration and mysql_ssl_rsa_setup help lower the barrier to using SSL by making it easier to generate the required files. However, certificates generated by these methods are self-signed, which may not be very secure. After you gain experience using such files, consider obtaining certificate/key material from a registered certificate authority.
Openssl To Generate Rsa Key Pair
For MySQL distributions compiled using OpenSSL, the MySQL server has the capability of automatically generating missing SSL and RSA files at startup. The
auto_generate_certs
and sha256_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys
system variables control automatic generation of these files. These variables are enabled by default. They can be enabled at startup and inspected but not set at runtime. At startup, the server automatically generates server-side and client-side SSL certificate and key files in the data directory if the
auto_generate_certs
system variable is enabled, no SSL options other than --ssl
are specified, and the server-side SSL files are missing from the data directory. These files enable encrypted client connections using SSL; see Section 6.3.1, “Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections”.- The server checks the data directory for SSL files with the following names:
- If any of those files are present, the server creates no SSL files. Otherwise, it creates them, plus some additional files:
- If the server autogenerates SSL files, it uses the names of the
ca.pem
,server-cert.pem
, andserver-key.pem
files to set the corresponding system variables (ssl_ca
,ssl_cert
,ssl_key
).
At startup, the server automatically generates RSA private/public key-pair files in the data directory if all of these conditions are true: The
sha256_password_auto_generate_rsa_keys
system variable is enabled; no RSA options are specified; the RSA files are missing from the data directory. These key-pair files enable secure password exchange using RSA over unencrypted connections for accounts authenticated by the sha256_password
plugin; see Section 6.4.1.5, “SHA-256 Pluggable Authentication”.- The server checks the data directory for RSA files with the following names:
- If any of these files are present, the server creates no RSA files. Otherwise, it creates them.
- If the server autogenerates the RSA files, it uses their names to set the corresponding system variables (
sha256_password_private_key_path
,sha256_password_public_key_path
).
Manual SSL and RSA File Generation Using mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
Create Rsa Key Pair Openssl Windows
MySQL distributions include a mysql_ssl_rsa_setup utility that can be invoked manually to generate SSL and RSA files. This utility is included with all MySQL distributions, but it does require that the openssl command be available. For usage instructions, see Section 4.4.5, “mysql_ssl_rsa_setup — Create SSL/RSA Files”.
SSL and RSA files created automatically by the server or by invoking mysql_ssl_rsa_setup have these characteristics:
- SSL and RSA keys are have a size of 2048 bits.
- The SSL CA certificate is self signed.
- The SSL server and client certificates are signed with the CA certificate and key, using the
sha256WithRSAEncryption
signature algorithm. - SSL certificates use these Common Name (CN) values, with the appropriate certificate type (CA, Server, Client):The
suffix
value is based on the MySQL version number. For files generated by mysql_ssl_rsa_setup, the suffix can be specified explicitly using the--suffix
option.For files generated by the server, if the resulting CN values exceed 64 characters, the_
portion of the name is omitted.suffix
- SSL files have blank values for Country (C), State or Province (ST), Organization (O), Organization Unit Name (OU) and email address.
- SSL files created by the server or by mysql_ssl_rsa_setup are valid for ten years from the time of generation.
- RSA files do not expire.
- SSL files have different serial numbers for each certificate/key pair (1 for CA, 2 for Server, 3 for Client).
- Files created automatically by the server are owned by the account that runs the server. Files created using mysql_ssl_rsa_setup are owned by the user who invoked that program. This can be changed on systems that support the
chown()
system call if the program is invoked byroot
and the--uid
option is given to specify the user who should own the files. - On Unix and Unix-like systems, the file access mode is 644 for certificate files (that is, world readable) and 600 for key files (that is, accessible only by the account that runs the server).
To see the contents of an SSL certificate (for example, to check the range of dates over which it is valid), invoke openssl directly:
It is also possible to check SSL certificate expiration information using this SQL statement:
How to generate keys in PEM formatusing the OpenSSL command line tools?
RSA keys
The JOSE standard recommends a minimum RSA key size of 2048 bits.
To generate a 2048-bit RSA private + public key pair for use in RSxxx and PSxxxsignatures:
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Elliptic Curve keys
To generate an EC key pair the curve designation must be specified. Note thatJOSE ESxxx signatures require P-256, P-384 and P-521 curves (see theircorresponding OpenSSL identifiers below).
Elliptic Curve private + public key pair for use with ES256 signatures:
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Elliptic Curve private + public key pair for use with ES384 signatures:
Elliptic Curve private + public key pair for use with ES512 signatures:
PEM key parsing in Java
The BouncyCastle library provides a simpleutility to parse PEM-encoded keys in Java, to use them for JWS or JWE later.
For Maven you should include the following BouncyCastle dependencies (where1.52 is the latest stable version as of May 2015): Half life 2 episode pack product key generator.
Example parsing of an PEM-encoded EC key in Java: